Several of the poems from Different Cultures seem to be encouraging people to discover their true selves and their place in society

A few of the sonnets from various societies appear to be urging individuals to find their actual selves and their place in the public eye. Love after Love, Hurricane hits England and Search for my Tongue are among those sonnets. These sonnets composed by various writers urge individuals to find their actual selves and their place in the public arena by utilizing numerous strategies, for example, intriguing word and expression determination (language), nice symbolism to pass on messages, utilizing portrayals focussing on sounds and utilizing structure to make an impact. Additionally, the artists utilize their own social encounters to pass on their message particularly Hurricane hits England and Search for my Tongue. The three sonnets are all from various societies and conventions hence it is critical to take a gander at the social setting of the sonnets. Love after Love is a sonnet composed by Derek Walcott, a lot of Walcott's work has investigated issues of Caribbean social character. He has commented, ‘The procedure of verse is one of unearthing and self-disclosure'. Storm hits England is a sonnet composed by the Caribbean conceived essayist Grace Nichols, who moved to England during the 1970s and now lives in the shore of Sussex. In 1987, the southern shoreline of England was hit by tropical storm winds, these typhoon winds were once in a while experienced in England, in the Caribbean, then again, storms are a customary event and had been a piece of Grace Nichols' youth. Concerning the 1987 English storm, the writer felt that the voices of the old divine beings were in the breeze, explicitly inside the Sussex, indeed, just because she detected a closeness to the English scene more than ever, and felt that the Caribbean had come to England. She presently feels comfortable both in Guyana and in England. Quest for my Tongue is a sonnet composed by Sujata Bhatt. The writer was conceived in Gujarat, India, where her ‘mother tongue' or local language was Gujarati. Afterward, her family lived for certain years in the United States, where she learnt English in spite of the fact that she presently lives in Germany. She composed Search for my Tongue when she was starting to stress that she may lose her unique language. She has consistently thought of herself as being in Indian who is outside India. Her native language is, for her, a significant connect to her family and to her youth. It is the most profound layer of her character, she has asserted. The writers use language in their sonnets to urge individuals to find their actual selves and their place in the public eye. Love after adoration is a sonnet written in the subsequent individual, as though the artist is tending to the peruser straightforwardly' Writing to ‘you' as opposed to discussing ‘me' offers the feeling that the artist is offering guidance to everybody. The sonnet is loaded with basic action words or orders: ‘sit' (lines 6 and 15), ‘Eat' (line 6), ‘give' (line 8), ‘Take' (line 12), ‘Peel' (line 14) and ‘Feast' (line 15). Derek Walcott is urging each peruser to experience this procedure of self revelation, to ‘feast' on the open doors that one's genuine self can appreciate, and to ‘sit' and feel great with it. Typhoon Hits England differs its style of language, the main verse is as an outsider looking in while the subsequent refrain is in the primary individual when we ‘hear' the lady's voice. There are a few inconsistencies in the sonnet. For instance, the lady says that the breeze is both ‘fearful and consoling' (line 7), and, from the start sight, these two words don't appear to bode well together in what could be known as a Catch 22. This inconsistency might be showing that the lady, as well, is uncertain what her sentiments are towards the storm, her musings are likewise opposing. The lady poses numerous inquiries between lines 13 and 27, in every one of these four inquiries, the writer is attempting to understand what's going on. The outcries towards the end help us to see how the lady is feeling and add to the tone of the sonnet. She gets energized, even euphoric, at the intensity of the tempest and the considerations it excites inside her, ‘O for what reason is my heart unchained? ‘, (line 27). Inquiries posed in lines 13 to 27 are replied in the last lines, ‘Come to tell me. That the earth is the earth is the earth'. The artist implies that she at last feels comfortable in England, and that any place you may wind up on this planet, you will in the long run discover harmony with your place in the public eye. Quest for my tongue utilizes the word ‘tongue' for a wide range of implications. The artist, Sujata Bhatt, plays with these various implications. For instance, she envisions that realizing two dialects resembles having ‘two tongues in your mouth' (line 4) and talks about her unique language just like her ‘mother tongue' (line 5). The sonnet starts conversationally, utilizing ordinary language, however then creates to utilizing striking symbolism and language. The sonnet starts by seeming to respond to an inquiry ‘You pose to me what I mean†¦ ‘ (line1). On the off chance that you are answering to an inquiry somebody has presented, you would utilize normal discourse. Notwithstanding, in the event that you truly need to convey the desired information, you should walk out on the examiner ‘I ask you, what might you do†¦ ‘ (line 3). The writer utilizes ‘shock strategies' or such striking pictures to do that. One might say that if the sonnet says pretty much something very similar twice in two dialects, at that point it may very well will be well be written in just a single language. In any case, the general purpose of the sonnet would then be lost. Something very similar being said in two dialects is the key, the writer has ‘two tongues' and she wouldn't like to free one of them. Inventive symbolism is utilized in every one of the three of the sonnets to urge individuals to find their actual selves and their place in the public arena. In Love after Love the artist utilizes pictures of devouring all through the sonnet. This is on the grounds that a dinner, particularly a cozy one between two individuals, is a significant type of social communication where individuals can become more acquainted with one another. Hence it is regular that the lounge area situation is utilized for becoming more acquainted with your actual self. This is an exceptionally cheerful sonnet and presents an especially positive picture of the later years throughout everyday life, depicting them not as a period of misfortune, however one of satisfaction and recuperation. In Search for my tongue the artist utilizes the symbolism of contrasting her tongue and a plant as she builds up her thoughts. She looks at it by utilizing an all-encompassing allegory. You can nearly envision the ‘plant', first in decay, at that point developing once more. This picture of the plant is fruitful on the grounds that it incorporates contrasts. A portion of the symbolism is very alarming, for example, when she envisions that the ‘mother tongue' may ‘rot and bite the dust in her mouth' (lines 12 and 13) as the second unknown dialect dominates. The lost tongue becomes back around evening time when she dreams in Gujarati, similar to a plant that seems to have passed on, yet then begins to bud and become solid once more, delivering excellent blooms. Tropical storm Hits England is brimming with characteristic symbolism, for the most part since it is about the impact of the breeze on the scene. For instance, ‘trees/falling substantial as whales' (line 23-24) is compelling on the grounds that the gigantic trees become like coasting ocean animals when the heavy downpour that goes with the typhoon causes the land to turn out to be practically similar to the ocean. There is additionally a ton of imagery enveloped with the symbolism, ‘Come to break the solidified lake in me' (line 33). This may show that the artist has been ‘frozen' by being endlessly from her own nation, so the appearance of the typhoon can help to ‘break the ice' and permit her to live more easily in her new home nation. The writers use portrayals focussing on sounds to urge individuals to find their actual selves and their place in the public eye. In Love after Love reiteration is the gadget utilized by the writer in this sonnet as an audio effect. He rehashes a few words, or varieties of them-‘mirror' (lines 4 and 14), ‘stranger' (line 7 and 9). ‘love'/‘loved'/‘love-letters' (lines 7/9/12) and ‘life' (lines 10 and 15). This is the artist's method of underlining the principle phases of the self-disclosure process. Storm Hits England changes the manner in which it sounds, the primary verse is as an outsider looking in though the subsequent refrain is in the main individual when we ‘hear' the lady's voice. Every one of the three sonnets have their own particular structure, the structures of the sonnets are sorted out in requests of thoughts in the sonnet and how they create. In Love after Love the verse structure is unpredictable, however most lines are freely versifying. This implies there is one short unstressed syllable followed by one since quite a while ago focused on syllable. A portion of the lines are additionally very ordinary tetrameter-for instance, lines 8 and 13. The sonnet is part into four little estimated verses while Search for my tongue is part into three enormous refrains. In the principal verse she reveals to us how hard it is for her to know two dialects and how she has disregarded the one she feels most has a place with her. In the second verse she clarifies these thoughts in Gujarati. In the last refrain she at that point interprets her musings for us into English, lines 31-39 significance something like lines 17-30, demonstrating that in spite of the fact that her ‘mother tongue' (line 38) kicks the bucket during the day, it ‘grows back' ( line 31) in her fantasies around evening time, getting solid and delivering ‘blossoms' (line 39). Of all these three sonnets Hurricane Hits England is the biggest. The sonnet is written in eight verses of changing lengths. The lines themselves are likewise of shifting lengths. This anomaly causes us to perceive how unusual the typhoon is, and how capricious the lady's considerations are. The primary refrain of the sonnet is as an outsider looking in, as the peruser is acquainted with the lady, yet most of it is written in the first individual. Love after Love, Search for my tongue and Hurricane Hits England are three sonnets from Different Cultures which urge individuals to find

Breaking the Unspoken Gender Rule Essay

â€Å"I continue attempting to incorporate my life. I continue attempting to make the entirety of the pieces into one piece. Thus, my character turns into my body which turns into my design, which turns into my composing style. At that point I perform what I’ve written with an end goal to incorporate my life, and that turns into my personality, after a design, (Bornstein, 1994, p. 1). † For Theatrical Writer and Author Kate Bornstein, conceived Albert Herman, being a sexual orientation ban is tied in with defying the general sex guidelines and generalizations. As per Bornstein and numerous other sexual orientation prohibits the current relationship of sex and sex is restricting in scope. Besides, sex in itself is a socially developed belief system that neglects to relate sexuality past the bounds of life structures. Bornstein gives the point by point record of her change from a man into a lesbian lady. Furthermore, Bornstein takes a gander at the issues encompassing attempting to set up oneself as per cultural sex jobs. She says that as a man she was persistently looking to â€Å"integrate† herself into the standards however at long last arrived at the resolution this was impractical. Bornstein isn't the only one. There are numerous transsexuals and sex bans that are experiencing their lives in disobedience of basic sexual orientation related generalizations. â€Å"It feels like everything ought to have been evident when I think back. However, everything was so befuddling as I grew up. It’s like one day I was missing and every other person was shown the critical parts of being a kid or young lady. I would lie in bed around evening time rehearsing and practicing how to be a kid, (Wyndzen, 1998, p. 1). † Both Wyndzen and Bornstein portray the enthusiastic parts of attempting to accommodate their transsexual bodies into a solitary sex social generalization. From a pariahs perspective the two of them give the setting that could make sexual orientation bans increasingly justifiable for standard society. However, neither tends to what makes them unique in relation to the ordinary generalization. Esseintially both case to be grouped in an inappropriate sex classification dependent on their sexual genitalia. Both were brought into the world with the working pieces of men however mentally they related to ladies. For sexual orientation limit breakers, for example, Bornstein it has become an individual strategic show that sex in itself can not be ordered essentially as male or female. Be that as it may, researchers, for example, David Geary guarantee that sexual generalizations are precise. â€Å"Gender generalizations, for example, the conviction that men never help out around the house and ladies tattle, are commonly evident, David Geary, a brain science educator at the University of Missouri finishes up in the wake of surveying in excess of 1,200 examinations by therapists, scientists and anthropologists, (Researcher Finds Gender Stereotypes to be Accurate, Part of Nature, 1998,  ¶ 1). As per Geary, generalizations are established in nature and manners by which the species draw in the other gender. â€Å"The sexual methodologies people use in their drive to multiply cause a large number of the cliché sex contrasts in guys and females, including physical traits and advancement, play designs, social conduct and improvement, child rearing interests, inspirational and enthusiastic examples, subjective capacities, and cerebrum structure and capacities, (Researcher Finds Gender Stereotypes to be Accurate, Part of Nature, p. 5). † Yet, Geary doesn't characterize the hazy situation which incorporates individuals who have an inborn sentiment of being arranged erroneously. Can there be a sexual orientation characterization for individuals conceived as guys yet who take part socially as females and the other way around? All in all, there are numerous instances of the passionate pulverization brought about by unyielding sex characterization. Also, in spite of the fact that there is proof that current sex generalizations have establishes in human intuition there is no order or class for transsexuals who either relate to the other gender as a wellspring of personality or who were naturally introduced to an equivocal condition of sexuality. Presently there is no sexual orientation classification for sex outlaws. References Bornstein, K. (1994). Sexual orientation Outlaw: On Men, Women and the Rest of Us. New York: Routledge. Specialist Finds Gender Stereotypes to be Accurate, Part of Nature. (1998). American Psychological Association, 29(19). Recovered from www. apa. organization Wyndzen, M. H. (1998). Completely turned inside out. Recovered April 28, 2009, from www. genderpsychology. organization

David Beatty - World War I - Royal Navy - Battle of Jutland

David Beatty - World War I - Royal Navy - Battle of Jutland David Beatty - Early Career: Conceived on January 17, 1871, at Howbeck Lodge in Cheshire, David Beatty joined the Royal Navy at age thirteen. Justified as a sailor in January 1884, he was doled out to the lead of the Mediterranean Fleet, HMS Alexandria two years after the fact. A normal sailor, Beatty did little to stick out and was moved to HMS Cruiser in 1888. Following a two-year task at the HMS Excellent gunnery school at Portsmouth, Beatty was appointed as a lieutenant and set in the corvette HMS Ruby for a year. In the wake of serving on board the war vessels HMS Camperdown and Trafalgar, Beatty got his first order, the destroyer HMS Ranger in 1897. Beattys large break came the next year when he was chosen as second-in-order of the waterway gunboats that would go with Lord Kitcheners Khartoum Expedition against the Mahdists in Sudan. Serving under Commander Cecil Colville, Beatty told the gunboat Fatah and picked up notice as a challenging and capable official. When Colville was injured, Beatty took over initiative of the endeavors maritime components. David Beatty - In Africa: During the crusade, Beattys gunboats shelled the adversary capital and gave discharge support during the Battle of Omdurman on September 2, 1898. While partaking in the undertaking, met and become friends with Winston Churchill, at that point a lesser official in the 21st Lancers. For his job in the Sudan, Beatty was referenced in dispatches, granted a Distinguished Service Order, and elevated to authority. This advancement came at the youthful age of 27 after Beatty had just served a large portion of the run of the mill term for a lieutenant. Presented on the China Station, Beatty was named official of the ship HMS Barfleur. David Beatty - Boxer Rebellion: In this job, he filled in as an individual from the Naval Brigade that battled in China during the 1900 Boxer Rebellion. Again presenting with unique excellence, Beatty was injured twice in the arm and sent back to England. For his courage, he was elevated to skipper. Age 29, Beatty was fourteen years more youthful than the normal recently advanced commander in the Royal Navy. As he recouped, he met and wedded Ethel Tree in 1901. The rich beneficiary to the Marshall Fields fortune, this association gave Beatty a freedom not ordinary of most maritime officials and offered access to the most noteworthy groups of friends. While his union with Ethel Tree gave broad advantages, he before long discovered that she was exceptionally masochist. This drove her to cause him extraordinary mental inconvenience on a few events. In spite of the fact that a challenging and gifted officer, the entrance that the association gave to a way of life of wearing recreation drove him to turn out to be progressively nervous and he never formed into a determined pioneer like his future leader Admiral John Jellicoe. Traveling through a progression of cruiser orders in the early long stretches of the twentieth century, Beattys character showed itself in the wearing of non-guideline outfits. David Beatty - The Young Admiral: Following a two-year spell as maritime counselor to the Army Council, he was provided order of the war vessel HMS Queen in 1908. Capably captaining the boat, he was elevated to raise chief of naval operations on January 1, 1910, turning into the most youthful (age 39) naval commander (Royal Family individuals barred) in the Royal Navy since Lord Horatio Nelson. Delegated as second-in-order of the Atlantic Fleet, Beatty declined expressing the position had no possibilities for progression. Neutral the Admiralty set him on half-pay without an order for longer than a year. Beattys karma changed in 1911, when Churchill turned out to be First Lord of the Admiralty and made him Naval Secretary. Using his association with the First Lord, Beatty was elevated to bad habit chief naval officer in 1913, and provided order of the Home Fleets renowned first Battlecruiser Squadron. A running order, it fit Beatty who by this point was known for wearing his top at a jolly edge. As authority of the battlecruisers, Beatty answered to the officer of the Grand (Home) Fleet which was based at Scapa Flow in the Orkneys. David Beatty - World War I: With the flare-up of World War I in the late spring of 1914, Beattys battlecruisers were called upon to help a British assault on the shoreline of Germany. In the subsequent Battle of the Heligoland Bight, Beattys ships entered a befuddled quarrel and sank two German light cruisers before British powers pulled back west. A forceful pioneer, Beatty anticipated comparable conduct from his officials and anticipated that them should hold onto the activity at whatever point conceivable. Beatty came back to activity on January 24, 1915, when his battlecruisers met their German partners at the Battle of Dogger Bank. Catching Admiral Franz von Hippers battlecruisers coming back from a strike on the English coast, Beattys ships prevailing with regards to sinking the heavily clad cruiser SMS Blã ¼cher and dispensing harm on the other German vessels. Beatty was enraged after the fight as a flagging blunder had permitted most of von Hippers boats to get away. Following a time of inaction, Beatty drove the Battlecruiser Fleet at the Battle of Jutland on May 31-June 1, 1916. Experiencing von Hippers battlecruisers, Beatty opened the battle yet was drawn towards the primary body of the German High Seas Fleet by his foe. David Beatty - Battle of Jutland: Understanding that he was entering a snare, Beatty switched course with the objective of baiting the Germans towards Jellicoes moving toward Grand Fleet. In the battle, two of Beattys battlecruisers, HMS Indefatigable and HMS Queen Mary detonated and sank driving him to remark, There is by all accounts some kind of problem with our grisly ships today. Effectively carrying the Germans to Jellicoe, Beattys battered boats played an optional job as the primary war vessel commitment started. Battling until after dim, Jellicoe ineffectively endeavored to obstruct the Germans from coming back to their base with the objective of re-opening the fight in the first part of the day. Following the fight, Beatty was censured for botching the underlying commitment with the Germans, not concentrating his powers, and neglecting to keep Jellicoe completely educated regarding German developments. Regardless of this, the worker like Jellicoe got the brunt of the analysis from the legislature and open for neglecting to accomplish a Trafalgar-like triumph. In November of that year, Jellicoe was expelled from order of the Grand Fleet and made First Sea Lord. To supplant him, the entertainer Beatty was elevated to chief naval officer and provided order of the armada. David Beatty - Later Career: Taking order, Beatty gave another arrangement of fight directions stressing forceful strategies and seeking after the adversary. He additionally persistently attempted to safeguard his activities at the Jutland. Despite the fact that the armada didn't battle again during the war, he had the option to keep up a significant level of status and assurance. On November 21, 1918, he officially got the acquiescence of the High Seas Fleet. For his administration during the war, he was made Admiral of the Fleet on April 2, 1919. Designated First Sea Lord that year, he served until 1927, and effectively contradicted after war maritime cuts. Likewise made the principal administrator of the Chief of Staff, Beatty exhaustingly contended that the armada was the main line of Imperial resistance and that Japan would be the following incredible danger. Resigning in 1927, he was made first Earl Beatty, Viscount Borodale, and Baron Beatty of the North Sea and Brooksby and kept on supporting for the Royal Navy until his passing on March 11, 1936. He was entombed at St. Pauls Cathedral in London. Chosen Sources First World War: Admiral Sir David BeattyDavid Beatty

Charlie Chaplin Essays - American Comedy Films, Charlie Chaplin

Charlie Chaplin Charles Spencer Chaplin was conceived on April 16, 1889 in Walworth, London, and carried on a Dickensian adolescence, imparted to his sibling, Sydney, that included extraordinary neediness, workhouses and seeing his mom's psychological decrease put her into a foundation. The two his folks, however isolated when he was youthful, were music corridor craftsmen, his dad broadly so. Yet, it was his mom Charlie loved and was motivated by during his visits behind the stage while she performed, to take up such a profession for himself. He accomplished his aspiration when he joined a moving troop, the Eight Lancashire Lads, and this in the long run drove onto parts in Sherlock Holmes and Casey's Court Circus. Sydney, in the mean time, had joined the acclaimed Fred Karno Company and immediately turned into a main player and author in that. He figured out how to get Charlie included, and he too turned into a Karno star. For the two young men, Karno was just about a school of satire for them, and the period had a enormous effect on Charlie particularly. In 1910 Charlie visited the U.S. with the Karno gathering and returned for another in 1912. It was on this visit he was head chased by Mack Sennett and his Keystone Film Company, and Charlie was in this manner brought into the mode of film. His first film, in 1914, was appropriately titled Getting by, and it was coordinated by Henry Lehrman. He featured in huge numbers of his Cornerstones close by Mabel Normand, who additionally coordinated three of his movies, yet it wasn't until Twenty Minutes of Love that he had a sample of guiding himself, furthermore, this immediately turned into the main way he worked. His prosperity was with the end goal that he was ready to move starting with one organization then onto the next, each time into a superior arrangement. In 1915, after thirty-five movies, he moved to Essanay, and it was here he truly found his feet, also his longest serving driving woman, Edna Purviance. Remarkable movies during this period incorporate The Champion, The Tramp and The Bank. In 1916 he moved to Lone Star Mutual, with considerably more prominent control and monetary rewards. Here he made the conclusive Chaplin short comedies, The Rink, Easy Road, The Cure and The Immigrant. First National were straightaway, and it was here he built his full length magnum opus, The Kid. Shorter comedies of note at this time included Sunnyside and The Idle Class. Alongside his incredible companion, Douglas Fairbanks, just as Mary Pickford and D.W. Griffith, Chaplin framed Joined Artists in 1919. He made his first film for them in 1923, the Edna Purviance vehicle, A Woman of Paris, maybe the least known about his movies, however it was trailed by the Chaplin works of art - The Gold Rush, The Circus, City Lights what's more, Modern Times. It wasn't until 1940 that he made his first talkie, The Great Tyrant, to be trailed by the more refined Monsieur Verdoux and Limelight, a think back to the music corridor universe of his childhood. Spotlight (1952) was the last film he made in America. McCarthyite political maneuverings viably launched out him from the nation and he wasn't to return until 1972, when he got a uncommon Academy Award. Meanwhile, however healthily invited back to England, he moved to Switzerland with his better half, Oona O' Neill, and their kids. He made two additional movies, A King In New York (1957, with Dawn Addams) what's more, A Countess From Hong Kong (1967, with Sophia Loren and Marlon Brando) and spent his last years composing music for his movies and making the most of his family life before he kicked the bucket, at 4 A.M. on Christmas Day in 1977. List of sources Robinson, David. Charlie Chaplin: The Art of Comedy (1995) Mitchell, Glenn. The Chaplin Encyclopedia (1997) Karney, Robyn and Cross, Robin. The Life and Times of Charlie Chaplin (1992) Gifford, Denis. The Comic Art of Charlie Chaplin (1989) McCabe, John. Charlie Chaplin (1978) Payne, Robert. The Great Charlie (1957)

Movie Overview Avengers Age of Ultron Essay Example For Students

Film Overview Avengers: Age of Ultron Essay Justice fighters: Age of Ultron is the most animating film out of the Marvel arrangement and the best activity film during the current year. The constant activity and tension of what was to come after the double-crossing of an Avenger makes this film an incredible prologue to the advancement of the Avengers. The Avengers: Age of Ultron gets back on track with The Avengers’ first film attempting to crush Hydra’s steady mission for global control. This film presents new characters, for example, Vison, Scarlet Witch, Quicksilver, and Ultron. Recognizable faces like War Machine, Heimdall, Dr. Erik Selvig, S. H. E. I. L. D and Nick Fury all show up in this spin-off. Ultron is a mechanical counterfeit clever being attempting to free the universe of people. The Avengers meet up to prevent him from pulverizing the world as we probably am aware it. This blockbuster film will be one, if not the best Marvel film to date as I would like to think. It has all the profundity and layers for an extraordinary film which originates from having a solid establishment, and afterward it constructs onto the storyline. Justice fighters: Age of Ultron is an incredible film since Marvel figured out how to give extraordinary useful subtleties on all the Avengers characters that was not appeared in past motion pictures, while getting bad form, solidarity and satire, just as, the superheroes joining with unexpected union. Iron Man, Thor, Hulk, and Captain America all had their own side project motion pictures that told their beginnings. The first Avenger’s film demonstrated how they met up. With the earlier Avenger film the group is battling to spare the world against outsiders. This spin-off has Iron Man ensuring that if there was ever another assault like the one The Avengers battled previously, they would be decidedly ready. Iron Man makes Ultron, who is made to stop the potential dangers towards humanity, yet Ultron turns into the greatest risk himself. Ultron then enrolls the assistance of the Maximoff twins who attempt to help cut down the group by utilizing the Avenger’s dread and dependent on their past. Bringing this dread out gave a brief look into each character’s past with realities that was unbeknownst before this film. The formation of Ultron was generally Iron Man’s thought with the assistance of Bruce Banner (Hulk); in any case, Iron Man chose to keep the remainder of the Avengers in obscurity about his creation. This is a decent activity film since they conquer the squabbling, the awful perspectives and rejoin to vanquish a shared adversary. Since there are numerous characters cooperating for a shared objective, the crowd doesn't have a clue what will occur straightaway, making the film exceptionally sensational. Each of the member’s qualities assumes a job in vanquishing Ultron. The Avengers joining shows that cooperation will conquer insidious. Particularly, having the twin change sides and join the Avengers to crush Ultron. The twins change of heart demonstrated that in spite of the fact that they felt wronged by the Avengers, they couldnt do likewise by wronging the individuals of the planet. Making this storyline keeps the genuine fans intrigued and carries new individuals into the universe of Marvel. Genuine comic book perusers won't care for Avengers: Age of Ultron in light of the fact that it contrasts from the real comic book’s storyline. Most perusers believe that when a comic book is made into a film that it ought to be an immediate impression of the arrangement, which would be incredible to see yet it will never permit individuals who don’t read the comic books to check out them. With this present subject Wanda â€Å"Scarlet Witch† would have never observed an inappropriate choice ,that she made in supporting Ultron or join the Avengers if Pietro â€Å"Quicksilver† wouldn’t have passed on. The greatest factor to an extraordinary and fruitful film is connecting all who watch it and make them need to see or read more. .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f , .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f .postImageUrl , .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f , .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f:hover , .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f:visited , .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f:active { border:0!important; } .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f:active , .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f:hover { darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68 a4ec7863c73f .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u4c8fbf16d5ed4c142c68a4ec7863c73f:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Specific true to life methods EssayAoU extended the Avengers’ fanbase by changing the story line from the first comic book and adding new characters to the Avengers. Bloggers, pundits and other amusement columnists have all raved about how this film can bring comic book sweethearts and new thousand years fans to watch this film together. Because of film industry numbers the Avengers: Age of Ultron would be constantly considered Marvel’s best superhuman film during the current year. Seeing how every Avenger character forms into an aggregate superhuman group makes the Avengers: Age of Ultron one of the most mainstream esta blishments just as hero film of the year.

St. Johns Wort as a Treatment for Childhood Depression

St. Johns Wort as a Treatment for Childhood Depression Depression Treatment Medication Print St. Johns Wort as a Treatment for Childhood Depression By Lauren DiMaria linkedin Lauren DiMaria is a member of the Society of Clinical Research Associates and childhood psychology expert. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren DiMaria Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Aron Janssen, MD on November 19, 2019 linkedin Aron Janssen, MD is board certified in child, adolescent, and adult psychiatry and is the vice chair of child and adolescent psychiatry Northwestern University.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Aron Janssen, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids esemelwe / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview What the Research Says Use in Children vs. Adults Interactions Adverse Effects Talking to Your Pediatrician View All If your child has been diagnosed with depression or has signs or symptoms of childhood depression, you may be wondering if natural remedies for depression, such as St. Johns wort, are appropriate. Heres what you need to know about the effectiveness and safety of St. Johns wort for treating childhood depression. What Is St. Johns Wort? St. Johns wort is an over-the-counter natural herb also known as Hypericum perforatum, Klamath weed, hypericum, and goatweed. The flowering plant can be used for many purposes and is available in a variety of forms. The extract can be used alone or in combination with other herbs as a nutritional supplement in a capsule, tablet, liquid, or topical product. The flowering tops of the St. Johns wort plant is often used in teas. People have reported using the herb to treat a wide variety of symptoms and disorders including depression, nerve pain, sleep problems, and anxiety. St. Johns wort was also investigated as a potential treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, however, the research found it to be ineffective.?? What Is St. Johns Wort? What the Research Says About Use in Children The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine states that the research on St. Johns wort has provided inconsistent results and therefore it doesnt consider it to be an effective treatment for depression.?? However, there have been studies that appear to demonstrate St. Johns worts potential effectiveness for treating depressive symptoms in adults, both when compared to a placebo and prescription depression medications such as Zoloft (sertraline).?? When used appropriately, St. Johns wort may be comparable to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (such as Prozac, Zoloft, Celexa, Zoloft, and others) in effectiveness and safety for treating depression in adults. However, the use of St. Johns wort for depression in children has not been well-studied. There have not been many studies specifically assessing the use of St. Johns wort in the treatment of childhood depression. A study from 2003 included boys between the ages of 6 and 16 found that of the 33 youths in the study, 25 met response criteria (based on responses to a depression rating scale) after taking St. Johns wort for 8 weeks and didnt have any major side effects from taking the herb. This data is promising, but doesnt compare St. Johns wort with placebo.?? Another study in 2005 found that some adolescents with mild depression might benefit from using St. Johns wort. However, the study did not look specifically at improvement of depressive systems as an outcome variable. In both studies, the researchers noted the need for additional research to support the findings, particularly with placebo-controlled trials. Use in Children vs. Adults Studies that look at how a medication works for adults cant always be used to show how it would work in children. There are many factors that determine how a medication or supplement might affect a child, and its not necessarily as simple as giving them a lower dose of a drug because they are smaller than an adult. One example of this phenomenon is the use of prescription antidepressant medications in children. A potential danger of antidepressant use in people under the age of 25 is an increase in suicidal thoughts or behavior. While the side effect is uncommon, it was significant enough that the FDA put a black box warning on all prescription antidepressants. Its unclear if natural and herbal supplements could carry the same risk. But if St. Johns wort can alter neurotransmitters in a way thats similar to how antidepressant medications work, the question would be of valid concern for researchers, medical professionals, alternative medicine practitioners, and anyone considering using it. Its important to remember that a diagnosis of depression alone is associated with a higher risk of suicide, regardless of treatment. If someone you love is depressed, make sure you know the warning signs of suicide. What to Do If Your Child Has Suicidal Thoughts Medication Interactions St. Johns wort has the potential to interact with many commonly used medications. The FDA issued a public health advisory about these possible interactions and maintains an updated database of drug-herb interactions. Due to its effect on enzymes in the liver, St. Johns wort has the potential to either decrease the levels (and effectiveness) of medications, or increase levels which raises the risk of toxicity. While many of these reactions are minor, dangerous and life-threatening reactions can occur if St. Johns wort is combined with certain drugs. Medications that may interact with St. Johns wort include: Antidepressants (Combining St. Johns wort with serotonin reuptake inhibitors may result in serotonin syndrome.)Cough and cold preparationsOral contraceptives (i.e., birth control pills)Seizure medicationsDrugs used to treat cancerBlood thinners such as Coumadin (warfarin)Heart disease medication such as digoxinMedications used to reduce the risk of organ transplant rejectionAntibioticsHIV drugs such as Crixivan (indinavir) and Viramune (nevirapine)Other herbal and nutritional supplements If you are considering using St. Johns wort for your child, its important to talk to your pediatrician or child psychiatrist about any medications, herbal supplements, over-the-counter drugs, or vitamins that your child is taking. St. Johns Wort and Antidepressants Adverse Effects Its sometimes thought that herbal medications are safer or that they dont have side effects because they are natural, but this is simply not true. Herbal preparations can increase the risk of adverse effects just as prescription drugs can. The fact that St. Johns wort is plant-based makes some people feel that these products are safer than traditional drugs, but its important to keep in mind that many prescription medications, including some blood thinners and strong chemotherapy agents, are also plant-based. Common side effects of St. Johns wort include sensitivity to sunlight, dry mouth, dizziness, stomach upset, fatigue, headache, and anxiety. Parents should weigh the risks and benefits of any herbal products much the same way as they would a prescription drug. This can be difficult as herbal products are not regulated to the same degree in the United States. Talking With Your Pediatrician If your child is depressed and you would like to try complementary treatments, discuss the possibility with your childs pediatrician or psychiatrist. Your childs doctor can discuss the risks and benefits of St. Johns wort with you and help determine the best treatment options for your childs specific circumstances. With a few exceptions, most general practitioners may be unfamiliar with both the potential benefits and risks of St. Johns wort and may only prescribe it infrequently. If you are unsure if your childs symptoms are part of a depressive disorder, ask your pediatrician about having an evaluation. Its best to have your child seen by a psychiatrist or other mental health professional before trying any natural remedies for depression. If you have started using St. Johns wort or any herbal supplement with your child, you must tell your childs doctor due to the potential for serious interactions with other medications that may be prescribed. Importance of Addressing Childhood Depression Depression is not uncommon in children and can be serious. St. Johns wort may or may not be an appropriate treatment, but you have already taken a major and important step by considering the presence of depressive symptoms in your child. Childhood depression can be difficult to diagnose, as warning signs of depression in young children arent always recognized. From extreme shyness to irritability  and anger, many parents assume they facing a behavioral issue rather than depression. If you believe your child may have depression, talk to your pediatrician. They can help you learn more about using medications to treat depression in children, and how the process may be different than the approach used in adults. Ultimately, the most comprehensive treatment for childhood depression will involve more than finding the right drug or supplement. Building a network of support is an important step for the well being of your entire family. Your childs doctor can refer you to others, such as mental health specialists and social workers, who you can work with to create a plan for your child at home and school, as well as provide support for your family. What Parents Should Know About Childhood Depression

Lincolns Second Inaugural Address And Dickinsons Poem - Free Essay Example

Abraham Lincolns Second Inaugural Address and Emily Dickinsons poem Success Is Counted Sweetest both encounter the Civil War through the use of rhetorical writing. These two artifacts consist of the four resources of language which include: argument, appeal, arrangement, and artistic devices. In order to advertise this message Lincoln approaches his audience through the means of his speech. Trying to persuade his audience that both the North and South should conjoin, and reconstruct the nations wounds after the war. Lincolns genuine statement displays through emotion, kindness, compassion, and faithfulness for his love towards America even throughout the depths of the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln was the president of United States at this moment fighting to concur equality for all slaves. His hope during this time was confided in God who he believed was the best option to bring peace and closure throughout the people, which he knew it would attract a large audience through their beliefs of religion. Rhetoric is being used any time an individual is trying to appeal an emotion or longing to others through the use of influence which is exactly what Lincolns approach accomplished. In Emily Dickinsons poem Success Is Counted Sweetest she puts forth in her message for the individuals who have never experienced success throughout their life. Dickinson put forth hope, and determination into peoples eyes through her appeal to the people trying to pursuit the American Dream. Both writers had a vision when t rying to communicate their knowledge to individuals during a time of need. Through the power of persuasion which they both expressed differently. Both Lincoln and Dickinson expressed theyre feelings to all individuals in order to compel them through what everyone was fighting for at the time which was peace. Lincolns path through the people was to view his governing ability and his concerns about the nation. He wanted to prepare the nation of whats to come after war. As Dickinsons approach was more beyond the scenes of the war for those individuals seeking to find comfort in her poem. There is a clear cut difference in what Lincoln and Dickinson are trying to accomplish through their word of speech. We are aware that they both use rhetoric to persuade each others audience, however the message the two are trying to address are not quite the same. Dickinson used poetry to express her message and Lincoln decided to use a speech. Although these two artifacts share in common the four resources of language. Both Lincoln and Dickinson express their thoughts with having the Civil War in mind. Using rhetoric in order persuade the audience to believe in their values and ideals. They use all four factors to include an appeal, audience, arrangement, and artistic device to influence and bring forth their message to change individuals mind sets. The Civil War was a hard time for people to face their loved ones were at battle fighting for the hopes and dreams of whats to come. Lincoln and Dickinson knew how to create attraction for their readers, however they may have attracted different readers. By using poetry Dickinson allowed her audience to question individuals moral problems and face it. She explains in order to experience happiness you have to experience loss. Using an artistic way to prove and express her point. By using God Lincoln made his audience feel the emotions that he felt at the time. Longing for the nation to rejoin and connect once again. However their differences are quite distinctive both Lincoln and Dickinson writings expressed the foundations of rhetoric. Lincoln has used all these appeals of ethos, pathos, and logos in his writings which was also more traditional than Dickinsons writings. Dickinsons words were particularly rare and different approach which can be refreshing. However the way these to writers chose to express themselves was strongly different, but thats the point of rhetoric. Rhetoric can be found in many places through the power of speech, poem, songs, vision, and many other forms beyond that. Having the power to express and translate ones idea through the appeal of persuasion. Rhetoric is used everyday, although individuals may not be aware of this action. We express our emotions and feelings through this powerful idea. Which is exactly what Lincoln and Dickinson decided to do to express and help people find comfort in a time of need. The writings may be different, although they share one thing in common which was to demonstrate the use of rhetorical power. To use their voices and allow others to hear it and confide in them.

Working At Fedex Express, My Boss Brian Buchwald - 884 Words

Working at FedEx Express, I had the privilege to interview my boss Brian Buchwald. We share the same work ethic background with the both of us serving in the military but serving in different branches. Brian served in the Army for 6 years, and then served in the Air Force for another 6 years after exiting the Army. Brian just recently got promoted to Operations Manager at FedEx Express after being with the company for only 3 years, which is quite incredible From the interview with Brian, his comments really brought back memories of the work ethics and leadership from the military. Even though, Brian exited the military as an E-6 in the Air Force and I exited the Army as an E-5. A lot of managers would have to attend classes and training†¦show more content†¦Being in a Leadership position doesn’t mean that the managers or supervisors get to do whatever they want, but they do have to lead by example. There have been times where the both of us have experienced certain e vents where we can hold specific friendships with our soldiers. Better way to explain is when the uniform comes on, it’s strictly business. We couldn’t hang out with the soldiers outside of work so that there wouldn’t be any favoritism in any working environment with our soldiers. It’s all about the way he treated his soldiers and how he took care of his soldiers. From his words, â€Å"If you take care of your people, your people take care of you.† It’s not all about dictatorship, yelling at your soldiers and the rank on your chest. â€Å"Taking care of your people is a manager’s first priority† coming from Brian. Being the umbrella or the shield for you people is basically what managers do to take care of their employees. Every company, whether if it was in the military or outside of the military, that every employee has to follow and that’s the proper â€Å"Chain of Command.† Basically if anything happens inside of work, whether if it’s an incident or a traffic citation, he would want to be informed immediately just so he could keep his group â€Å"off the radar† from the Senior Operations Manager. When talking

Yum The Worlds Largest Fast Food Company - 1229 Words

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The move is intended to allow the individual management teams to focus on their respective businesses, which operate in separate areas of the industry life cycle. YUM has not only expanded into China, but India, Africa, and Russia as well. YUM’s aggressive plan to exploit new potential markets as the US fast food industry is in a mature phase of its life cycle has paid off well for the company. That does not mean that YUM does not recognize the importance of strong brand recognition in the US. YUM has worked to evolve their menus to meet the US consumers changing habits. The Taco Bell brand has been focused on reinventing itself in theShow MoreRelatedYum Brands Essay696 Words   |  3 PagesDescribe Pizza Hut and KFCs investment strategy in Latin America. Latin America was appealing to Yum brands because of its close proximity to the United States, language and cultural similarities, and the North America free Trade Agreement eliminated tariffs on goods traded between the United States. 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Hesperosaurus - Facts and Figures

Name: Hesperosaurus (Greek for western lizard); pronounced HESS-per-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Jurassic (155 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and 2-3 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Short, wide head with small brain; relatively blunt, oval-shaped plates on back; quadrupedal posture About Hesperosaurus Stegosaurs--the spiked, plated dinosaurs--first evolved in Asia during the middle to late Jurassic period, then crossed over to North America a few million years later, where they prospered up until the cusp of the ensuing Cretaceous period. That would explain the in-between features of one of the first identified North American stegosaurs, Hesperosaurus, with its wide, round, mushroom-shaped dorsal plates and unusually short and blunt head (earlier stegosaurs from Asia possessed smaller skulls and less ornate plates, while the skull of Stegosaurus, which followed Hesperosaurus by about five million years, was much more narrow). Ironically, the near-complete skeleton of Hesperosaurus was discovered in 1985 during an excavation of its much more famous cousin. Initially, the near-complete skeleton of Hesperosaurus was interpreted as an individual, or at least a species, of Stegosaurus, but by 2001 it was classified as a separate genus. (Just to show that paleontology is not set in stone, a recent re-examination of Hesperosaurus remains led to the conclusion that Hesperosaurus was actually a Stegosaurus species after all, and the authors recommended that the closely related stegosaur genus Wuerhosaurus should also be so assigned. The verdict is still out, and for the time being, Hesperosaurus and Wuerhosaurus retain their genus status.) However you choose to classify Hesperosaurus, theres no mistaking the distinctive plates on this dinosaurs back (about a dozen roundish, short structures significantly less pointed and dramatic than the comparable plates on Stegosaurus) and its spiked tail, or thagomizer. As with Stegosaurus, we dont know for sure why Hesperosaurus evolved these features; the plates may have aided in intra-herd recognition or served some kind of signaling function (say, turning bright pink in the presence of raptors and tyrannosaurs), and the spiked tail may have been wielded in combat by males during mating season (the winners earning the right to pair with females) or used to inflict puncture marks on curious predators. Speaking of mating, once recent study of Hesperosaurus (published in 2015) speculates that this dinosaur was sexually dimorphic, the males differing anatomically from the females. Surprisingly, though, the author proposes that female Hesperosaurus possessed narrower, pointier plates than the males, whereas most of the sexual differentiation in large animals (both millions of years ago and today) favors the males of the species! To be fair, this study has not been widely accepted by the paleontology community, perhaps because its based on too few fossil specimens to be considered conclusive

Online Privacy Personal Information And Access Essay

Online Privacy: Personal information and Access We all go the Internet for some reason, either Google to search, YouTube to watch videos, or to complete assignments. Getting on the Internet in general is not private. We share our locations, personal information, social media, and website history on the web. If we choose to get online, we are taking a risk against all scammers online. Currently, we cannot get on certain websites without signing up with an email to view more information. The government most definitely should protect us better when it comes to the internet and our privacy because most of the United States uses it and fraud is important in America so we need help keeping everything private. Jim Harper stated, â€Å"When we use the Internet, we have to share information about ourselves, just like we do when we go outside.† We let our neighbors know we are still present. Social Media plays a big apart in the society today. Facebook is the know social network everyon e uses. 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Ch1 Analysis Free Essays

CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL REPORTING MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Charging off equipment that cost less than $20 would be an example of the application of: a. |going concern| b. We will write a custom essay sample on Ch1 Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now |cost| c. |matching| d. |materiality| e. |realization| ANS:D 2. The going concern assumption: a. |is applicable to all financial statements| b. |primarily involves periodic income measurement| c. |allows for the statements to be prepared under generally accepted accounting principles| d. |requires that accounting procedures be the same from period to period| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:C 3. Understating assets and revenues is justified based on: a. |realization assumption| b. |matching| c. |consistency| d. |realization| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:E 4. The assumption that enables us to prepare periodic statements between the time that a business commences operations and the time it goes out of business is: a. |time period| b. |business entity| c. |historical cost| d. |transaction| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:A 5. Valuing assets at their liquidation values is not consistent with: a. |conservatism| b. |materiality| c. |going concern| d. |time period| . |none of the answers are correct| ANS:C 6. The business being separate and distinct from the owners is an integral part of the: a. |time period assumption| b. |going concern assumption| c. |business entity assumption| d. |realization assumption| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:C 7. The principle that assumes the reader of the financial statements is not interested in the liquidation values is: a. |conservatism| b. |matching| c. |time period| d. |realization| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:E 8. An accounting period that ends when operations are at a low ebb is: a. a calendar year| b. |a fiscal year| c. |the natural business year| d. |an operating year| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:C 9. The accounting principle that assumes that inflation will not take place or will be immaterial is: a. |monetary unit| b. |historical cost| c. |realization| d. |going concern| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:A 10. Valuing inventory at the lower of cost or market is an application of the: a. |time period assumption| b. |realization principle| c. |going concern principle| d. |conservatism principle| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:D 11. The realization principle leads accountants to usually recognize revenue at: a. |the end of production| b. |during production| c. |the receipt of cash| d. |the point of sale| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:D 12. The comment that â€Å"items that are not material may be recorded in the financial statements in the most economical and expedient manner possible† is representative of: a. |matching| b. |conservatism| c. |realization| d. |materiality| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:D 13. The assumption that deals with when to recognize the costs that are associated with the revenue that is being recognized is: a. matching| b. |going concern| c. |consistency| d. |materiality| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:A 14. The most significant current source of generally accepted accounting principles is the: a. |New York Stock Exchange| b. |Accounting Principles Board| c. |Accounting Research Studies| d. |AICPA committee on Accounting Procedure| e. |Financial Accou nting Standards Board| ANS:E 15. All but one of the following statements indicates a difference between the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and prior approaches. Select the one that is not a difference. a. The FASB is independent of the AICPA. | b. |The size of the board is much smaller. | c. |The FASB has broader representation. | d. |The FASB is the primary board for the development of generally accepted accounting principles. | e. |Members of the FASB serve on a full-time basis. | ANS:D 16. The Accounting Principles Board issued Opinions between: a. |1959-1973| b. |1939-1959| c. |1973-present| d. |1966-1976| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:A 17. The Financial Accounting Standards Board has issued statements between: a. |1960-1973| b. |1939-1959| c. |1973-present| d. 1966-1976| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:C 18. Accountants face a problem of when to recognize revenue. Which of the following methods of recognizing revenue is not used in practice? a. |point of sale| b. |point of order acceptance| c. |end of production| d. |receipt of cash| e. |revenue recognized during production| ANS:B 19. The organization that has by federal law the responsibility to adopt auditing standards is the: a. |New York Stock Exchange| b. |Public Company Accounting Oversight Board| c. |Accounting Principles Board| d. |Financial Accounting Standards Board| . |AICPA Committee on Accounting Procedure| ANS:B 20. By law, the setting of accounting standards is the responsibility of the: a. |AICPA Committee on Accounting Procedure| b. |New York Stock Exchange| c. |Accounting Principles Board| d. |Securities and Exchange Commission| e. |Financial Accounting Standards Board| ANS:D 21. The assumption that allows accountants to accept some inaccuracy, because of incomplete information about the future, in exchange for more timely reporting is: a. |conservatism| b. |time period| c. |business entity| d. |materiality| e. |realization| ANS:B 22. Which of the following does not relate to The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)? a. |Two members of the board must be CPAs| b. |In addition to appointing the five members of the PCAOB, the SEC is responsible for the oversight and enforcement authority over the Board| c. |The PCAOB consists of five members appointed by the SEC| d. |The PCAOB is to adopt auditing standards| e. |The PCAOB is to adopt accounting standards| ANS:E 23. Understating expenses is justified based on: a. |time period assumption| b. |conservatism assumption| c. |materiality assumption| d. |matching assumption| . |none of the answers are correct| ANS:E 24. At the end of the fiscal year, an adjusting entry is made that increases salaries payable and increases salaries expense. This entry is an application of which accounting principle? a. |full disclosure| b. |materiality| c. |matching| d. |realization| e. |historical cost| ANS:C 25. Accountants provide for inflation using which of the following acc ounting principles? a. |going concern| b. |time period| c. |conservatism| d. |materiality| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:E 26. Which of these measurement attributes is not currently used in practice? . |historical cost| b. |relevant cost| c. |current market value| d. |current cost| e. |present value| ANS:B 27. The following data relate to Swift Company for the year ended December 31, 2008. Swift Company uses the accrual basis. Sales on credit|$250,000| Cost of inventory sold on credit|170,000| Collections from customers|220,000| Purchase of inventory on credit|150,000| Payment for purchases|140,000| Selling expenses (accrual basis)|40,000| Payment for selling expenses|45,000| Which of the following amounts represents income for Swift Company for the year ended December 31, 2008? a. $60,000| b. |$50,000| c. |$40,000| d. |$35,000| e. |$30,000| ANS:C 28. The following data relate to Rocket Company for the year ended December 31, 2008. Rocket Company uses the cash basis. Sale s on credit|$180,000| Cost of inventory sold on credit|130,000| Collections from customers|170,000| Purchase of inventory on credit|140,000| Payment for purchases|150,000| Selling expenses (accrual basis)|20,000| Payment for selling expenses|25,000| Which of the following amounts represents income for Rocket Company for the year ended December 31, 2008? a. |$30,000| b. |$5,000 loss| c. |$40,000| . |$45,000| e. |$50,000| ANS:B 29. The following data relate to Gorr Company for the year ended December 31, 2008. Gorr Company uses the accrual basis. Sales for cash|$200,000| Sales for credit| 220,000| Cost of inventory sold | 180,000| Collections from customers| 300,000| Purchases of inventory on credit| 190,000| Payment for purchases| 180,000| Selling expenses (accrual basis)| 50,000| Payment for selling expenses| 60,000| Which of the following represents income for Gorr Company for the year ended December 31, 2008? a. |$180,000| b. |$185,000| c. |$190,000| d. |$200,000| e. none of the a nswers are correct| ANS:C 30. The following data relate to Falcon Company for the year ended December 31, 2008. Falcon Company uses the cash basis. Sales for cash|$180,000| Sales for credit| 190,000| Cost of inventory sold| 210,000| Collections from customers| 350,000| Purchases of inventory on credit| 200,000| Payment for purchases| 220,000| Selling expenses (accrual basis)| 60,000| Payment for selling expenses| 70,000| Which of the following amounts represents income for Falcon Company for the year ended December 31, 2008? a. |$90,000| b. |$80,000| c. |$70,000| d. $60,000| e. |none of the answers are correct| ANS:D 31. Other than December, the most popular month for fiscal year-end is: a. |January| b. |March| c. |June| d. |September| e. |October| ANS:D TRUE/FALSE 1. In order to determine the economic success of a grocery store, we should view it as separate from the other resources that are owned by this individual. ANS:T 2. Many of our present financial statement figures would be misleading if it were not for the going concern assumption. ANS:T 3. The going concern assumption does not influence the classification of assets and liabilities. ANS:F 4. The most accurate way to account for the success or failure of an entity is to accumulate all transactions from the opening of business until the business eventually liquidates. ANS:T 5. An entity usually cannot reasonably account for the profits related to inventory until that inventory is sold in the normal course of business. ANS:T 6. To the extent that money does not remain stable, it loses its usefulness as the standard for measuring financial transactions. ANS:T 7. A loss in value of money is called inflation. ANS:T 8. At the time of originally recording a transaction, historical cost also represents the fair market value. ANS:T 9. It would always be conservative to value inventory at market. ANS:F 10. Accountants normally recognize revenue when cash is received. ANS:F 11. The 1933 and 1934 U. S. federal securities laws virtually gave the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) authority and responsibility for the development of generally accepted accounting principles. ANS:T 12. The Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts are intended to provide the Financial Accounting Standards Board with a common foundation and the basic underlying reasoning on which to consider the merits of various alternative accounting principles. ANS:T 13. Eventually, the Financial Accounting Standards Board intends to evaluate current principles in terms of the concepts established in the Financial Accounting Concepts. ANS:T 14. Financial Accounting Concepts establish generally accepted accounting principles. ANS:F 15. According to the second Financial Accounting Concept, those characteristics of information that make it a desirable commodity can be viewed as a hierarchy of qualities, with understandability and usefulness for decision making of most importance. ANS:T 16. Performance indicators for nonbusiness organizations are usually formal budgets and donor restrictions. ANS:T 17. Reasonable inaccuracies of accounting for an entity, short of its complete life span, are accepted. ANS:T 18. Using the business entity assumption, the financial statements are prepared separate and distinct from the owners of the entity. ANS:T 19. The time period assumption indicates that the entity will remain in business for an indefinite period time. ANS:F 20. Timeliness is a pervasive constraint imposed upon financial accounting information. ANS:F 21. Relevance and reliability are two primary qualities that make accounting information useful for decision making. ANS:T 22. Predictive value, feedback value, and timeliness are ingredients needed to ensure that the information is reliable. ANS:F 23. Decision usefulness is a pervasive constraint imposed upon financial accounting information. ANS:F 24. Relevance is a quality requiring that the information be timely and that it also have predictive value or feedback value or both. ANS:T 25. The SEC has the authority to determine generally accepted accounting principles and to regulate the accounting profession. ANS:T 26. Some industry practices lead to accounting reports that do not conform to the general theory that underlies accounting. ANS:T 27. All important events that influence the prospects for the entity are recorded and therefore are reflected in the financial statements. ANS:F 28. The accrual basis of accounting recognizes revenue when realized (realization concept) and expenses when incurred (matching concept). ANS:T 29. The cash basis recognizes revenue when cash is received and expenses when cash is paid. ANS:T 30. The accountant records only the events that affect the financial position of the entity and that can be reasonably determined in monetary terms. ANS:T 31. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act has far-reaching consequences for financial reporting and the CPA profession. ANS:T 32. Among the many responsibilities of the PCAOB is to adopt accounting standards. ANS:F 33. For a public company, the SEC requires that a report be filed annually on its internal control systems. ANS:T 34. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act has had an insignificant effect on the relationship between the company and the internal auditor. ANS:F 35. Reporting under Sarbanes-Oxley revealed that very few companies had material weaknesses in their controls and processes. ANS:F 36. Private companies are required to report under Sarbanes-Oxley. ANS:F 37. Some firms question the costs/benefits of implementing Sarbanes-Oxley. ANS:T 38. For many companies that use December 31 for the year-end, we cannot tell if December 31 was selected because it represents a natural business year or if it was selected to represent a calendar year. ANS:T 39. Accounting Trends Techniques is a compilation of data obtained by a survey of 600 annual reports to stockholders undertaken for the purpose of analyzing the accounting information disclosed in such reports. ANS:T 40. Many companies are on a 51-52 week fiscal year. ANS:F 41. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act has materiality implications. ANS:T 42. Web sites are not very useful when performing analysis. ANS:F 43. Accounting standards codification TM reorganizes the accounting pronouncements into approximately 90 accounting topics. ANS:T 44. Accounting standards codification TM addresses U. S. GAAP for nongovernmental entities. ANS:T PROBLEMS 1. Required: Listed below are several accounting principles and assumptions. Match the letter of each with the appropriate statement. a. Business entity|e. Historical cost|i. Full disclosure| b. Going concern|f. Conservatism|j. Verifiability| c. Time period|g. Realization|k. Materiality| d. Monetary unit|h. Consistency|l. Industry practices| 1. |Some industry practices lead to accounting reports that do not conform to the general theory that underlies accounting. | 2. |Requires the accountant to adhere as closely as possible to verifiable data. | 3. |Requires the entity to give the same treatment to comparable transactions. | 4. |Directs that the measurement that has the least favorable effect on net income and financial position in the current period be selected. 5. |The decision is made to accept some inaccuracy because of incomplete information about the future in exchange for more timely reporting. | 6. |Involves the relative size and importance of an item to a firm. | 7. |A reasonable summarization of financial information is required. | 8. |Deals with the problem of when to recognize revenue. | 9. |The primary value that is used for financial statem ents. | 10. |Standard of measure for financial statements. | 11. |The assumption that the entity being accounted for will remain in business for an indefinite period of time. 12. |Assumption that a business’s financial statements are separate and distinct from the personal transactions of the owners. | ANS: 1. |l| 2. |j| 3. |h| 4. |f| 5. |c| 6. |k| 7. |i| 8. |g| 9. |e| 10. |d| 11. |b| 12. |a| 2. Required: State the accounting principle or assumption that is most applicable: a. |The company uses the same accounting principle from period to period. | b. |Financial statements are prepared periodically. | c. |Subscriptions paid in advance are recorded as unearned subscription income. | d. |All significant financial transactions are reported. | e. Personal transactions of the stockholders are not recorded on the company’s financial statements. | f. |Land is recorded at $10,000, which was the amount paid. Current value of the land is $25,000. | g. |The accountants determine that the company is in danger of going bankrupt and therefore refuse to certify the statements as prepared according to generally accepted accounting principles. | h. |The company loses a major customer and does not record a loss. | ANS: a. |consistency| b. |time period| c. |realization| d. |full disclosure| e. |business entity| f. |historical cost| g. |going concern| h. |transaction approach| . Listed below are ten interrelated elements that are directly related to measuring performance and status of an enterprise according to SFAC No. 6, â€Å"Elements of Financial Statements. † a. Assets|f. Comprehensive income| b. Liabilities|g. Revenues| c. Equity|h. Expenses| d. Investments by owners|i. Gains| e. Distribution to owners|j. Losses| Required: Match the letter with the appropriate definition. 1. |Probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of a particular entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future as a result of past transactions or events. 2. |Increases in the equity of a particular business enterprise resulting from transfers to the enterprise from other entities of something of value to obtain or increase ownership interests (or equity) in it. Assets are most commonly received as investments by owners, but that which is received may also include services or satisfaction or conversion of liabilities of the enterprise. | 3. |A decrease in the equity of a particular business enterprise resulting from transferring assets, rendering services, or incurring liabilities by the enterprise to owners. Decreases ownership interest (or equity) in an enterprise. | 4. |Decreases in the equity (net assets) from peripheral or incidental transactions of an entity and from all other transactions and other events and circumstances affecting the entity during a period, except those that result from expenses or distributions to owners. | 5. |Outflows or other consumption or using up of assets or incurrences of liabilities (or a combination of both) from delivering or producing goods, rendering services, or carrying out other activities that onstitute the entity’s ongoing major or central operations. | 6. |The change in equity (net assets) of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from nonowner sources. It includes all changes in equity during a period, except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. | 7. |Probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by a particular entity as a result of past transactions or events. | 8. |The residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting its liabilities. 9. |Inflows or other enhancements of assets of an entity or settlements of its liabilities (or a combination of both) from delivering or producing goods, rendering services, or engaging in other activities that constitute the entity’s ongoing major or central operations. | 10. |Increases in the equity (net assets) from peripheral or incidental transactions of an entity and from all other transactions and other events and circumstances from revenues or investments by owners. | ANS: 1. |b| 2. |d| 3. |e| 4. |j| 5. |h| 6. |f| 7. |a| 8. |c| 9. |g| 10. |i| 4. Listed below are several qualitative characteristics. a. |understandability| b. |usefulness for decision making| c. |relevance| d. |reliability| e. |predictive| f. |feedback value| g. |timely| h. |verifiable| i. |representational faithfulness| j. |neutrality| k. |comparability| l. |materiality| m. |benefits of information should exceed its cost| Required: Match the letter (or letters) that goes with each statement. 1. |Two constraints included in the hierarchy. | 2. |For this quality, the information needs to have predictive and feedback value and be timely. | 3. These are the qualitative characteristics that are viewed as having the most importance. | 4. |SFAC No. 2 indicates that to be reliable, the information needs to have these characteristics. | 5. |Interacts with relevance and reliability to contribute to the usefulness of information. | 6. |Two primary qualities that make accounting information useful for decision making. | 7. |For this quality, the information must be verifi able, subject to representational faithfulness, and neutral. | 8. |SFAC No. 2 indicates that to be relevant, the information needs to have these characteristics. | ANS: 1. |l, m| 2. |c| 3. |a, b| 4. |h, i, j| 5. |k| 6. |c, d| 7. |d| 8. |e, f, g| 5. Listed below are ten phrases with the appropriate abbreviation. a. |Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)| b. |Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)| c. |American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)| d. |Accounting Principles Board (APB)| e. |Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)| f. |Statements of Financial Standards (SFAS)| g. |Discussion Memorandum (DM)| h. |Statements of Position (SOP)| i. |Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF)| j. |Financial Reporting Releases (FRRs)| k. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)| Required: Match the letter with the appropriate definition. 1. |Issued by the SEC and give the SEC’s official position on matters relating to financial reports. | 2. |Accounting principles that have substantial authoritative support. | 3. |A task force of representatives from the accounting profession created by the FASB to deal with emerg ing issues of financial reporting. | 4. |Created by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. | 5. |Issued by the Accounting Standards Division of the AICPA to influence the development of accounting standards. 6. |A professional accounting organization whose members are certified public accountants (CPAs). | 7. |Issued official opinion on accounting standards between 1959-1973. | 8. |This board issues four types of pronouncements: (1) Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS), (2) Interpretations, (3) Technical Bulletins, and (4) Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts (SFAC). | 9. |Presents all known facts and points of view on a topic; issued by the FASB. | 10. |Issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and establish GAAP for specific accounting issues. 11. |Responsible for adopting auditing standards. | ANS: 1. |j| 2. |a| 3. |i| 4. |b| 5. |h| 6. |c| 7. |d| 8. |e| 9. |g| 10. |f| 11. |k| 6. Listed below are Concept Statements. a. |Statement of Financial Ac counting Concepts No. 1| b. |Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 2| c. |Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 3| d. |Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 4| e. |Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 5| f. |Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 6| g. |Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 7| Required: Match the letter that goes with each Concept Statement title. 1. |Objectives of Financial Reporting by nonbusiness| 2. |Elements of Financial Statements of Business Enterprises| 3. |Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information| 4. |Elements of Financial Statements (a replacement of No. 3)| 5. |Objective of Financial Reporting by Business Enterprises| 6. |Recognition and Measurement in Financial Statements of Business Enterprise| 7. |Using Cash Flow Information in Accounting Measurements| ANS: 1. |d| 2. |c| 3. |b| 4. |f| 5. |a| 6. |e| 7. |g| How to cite Ch1 Analysis, Essay examples

Business Strategy Managerial Economics

Question: Discuss about the case study Business Strategy for Managerial Economics. Answer: Introduction This project analyses a business strategy of a mobile service provider. With technological improvement day by day, competition in product market is growing. To keep parity with the current trends, mobile service providers adopt various strategies. There are both advantages and disadvantages of the strategies. Application of Game theory helps to analyse the issues effectively. According to Game theory in market framework, another firm (Manshaei et al. 2013) follows every firms strategy. Therefore, in formulating strategies, every company needs to consider competitors strategy simultaneously. One strategy in competitive market environment of mobile service is using bundling technique. The mobile service provider can provide more than one service in a package to gain competitive advantage over its competitors. A company can use price bundling strategy. In this case, the company can sell multiple services in a portfolio for a lower price than that could be charged for individual selling. These theories are used to analyse the case study. Describing the issues Issue highlighted in this assignment is that what would be possible strategy of the mobile operators in order to increase profit in spite of falling mobile prices. There are multiple options available to the mobile operators. For the service providers, mobile price falling is a matter of concern. As price falls, demand for services increase overtime. Therefore, to deal with this problem, companies offer unlimited voice call service along with free SMS service. This is a strategy of service bundling. This strategy is not enough to compete in the market. Hence, more strategies need to develop for the mobile operator. This is a market of oligopoly, where a few companies operate to provide mobile services. In this market new firms can enter in the market if they have potentiality. In oligopoly market companies can share the total market among them. Direct engagement in price war may result in loss for all the operators (Myerson 2013). One of the main problems that are faced by the mobile operator is rising capacity demand. They need to investment in developing mobile networking. Now the problem is whether all the firms behave rationally or not. Capacity improvement must have some costs such as network maintenance, marketing, technology development etc. If all mobile operators form a cartel, they can maximize industry profit and individual profit. However, the success depends on rationality of the individual firm. If one firm betrays, the cartel may break down (Rapoport 2012). The factors affect the demand for mobile services are accessibility of the network services by consumers, different choices of consumers for broadband services etc. As attractive packages are offered by mobile operators, demand for mobile data plan services are rising. Due to acquire more profit, companies try to offer more data plan. Increasing supply reduces the price of mobile plan. As there are multiple mobile operators in the market, market is shared among them. Therefore profit margin tends to fall (Manshaei et al. 2013). Figure 1: Demand and supply of mobile data plan (Source: created by author) Approaches for mobile operator Describing different approaches: Figure 2: Different approaches for mobile operators (Source: created by author) Bundling theory Bundling technique is strategy, which is applied by different organizations. Company can use service bundling or price bundling. In service bundling, mobile operator company can choose to offer various services as a package. Value added service or cross selling may also be done. This strategy attracts more customers. This strategy is mainly followed in special season. Price bundling is more attractive to the customer. It offers the package of variety services at much lower price than the consumer might have bought those services individually. Bundling strategy is profitable if marginal cost of using this strategy is low (Chung et al. 2013). Game theory Game theory is a model, which depicts market strategy of several existing competitors in the market. It is a useful tool in decision making. Using game theory, one mobile operator can choose strategy after consider other operators strategy in business operation. Nash equilibrium in game theory can be achieved if there is a dominant strategy for each company. Once the company reaches at Nash equilibrium, it would not want to deviate from the chosen strategy. The strategy achieved at Nash equilibrium I optimal solution for the mobile operator. This solution gives best possible utility given opponents decision (Derdenger et al. 2013). In game theory, the mobile operators are said to be rational if they try to maximize their own payoff with the available information. If all players behave rationally to maximize their profit, the decision making would be easier. In order to forming a strategy in game theory, first step is to identify the game element. The mobile operators can choose price, service, cost or capacity improvement in plying game (Kang et al. 2012). If there is imperfect information available to the operators regarding other companies, the game may be continued for several steps to reach equilibrium. The information required for a mobile operating company is performance of Competitor Company in the industry, pricing strategy, marketing strategy, financial performance etc (Trestian et al. 2012). Strategies available to the mobile operators are as follows: Figure 3: Profit maximization strategies by mobile operator (Source: created by author) Possible Solutions Possible solutions of the identified problems can be presented as below. Bundling strategy in game theory for mobile operators in order to increasing profit is as follows: Figure 4: Bundling strategies (Source: created by author) If the mobile operators choose to use bundling techniques, they have options represented in the above table. If the mobile operator chooses to provide multiple service packages, they can offer it at lower price. There is no package available for single service. To increase revenue, the firm can sell single service at higher price. Selling single service at lower price cannot generate much profit. However, in competitive environment it is good policy (Shi et al. 2012). However, this strategy may not be effective. If one firm charges low price for single service, other firm may follow this operator and tend to reduce price of any service. Direct engagement in price war would benefit no firm. Continuous reduction in price would reduce both industry and individual profit. Therefore, offering single service at low price is not a useful strategy for the mobile operator. In order to maximize revenue, the mobile operators can offer multiple services at high price. For the success of this strategy, it is required to take strategy evenly by all firms. It can be done by forming cartel. Cartel can be formed among several mobile operators by negotiating among themselves. If cartel can be formed, all the mobile operators can act as a monopolist in the market. Combined strategy would be to sell single or multiple services at higher price without government regulation (Stucchi et al. 2012). If there is no government intervention, mobile operators can charge price freely. They can set price like a monopolist. They can charge uniform rate for data plan. The charge would be higher. The quantity of service is determined at the point where MR intersects the marginal cost curve. When they act independently, they charge price according to the equilibrium point of intersection, which is lower than monopoly price. As they act like a monopolist, they charge price according to average revenue, which is higher than competitive price. At this price, mobile operator can provide service at higher price. The can make sufficient profit, as the consumer have no other options than to buy service at higher price. They cannot find any other alternative options in the market. There is a chance to maximize industry profit. Figure 5: Pricing strategy of Cartel (Source: created by author) They can offer single service at higher price. In this case also consumers are compelled to avail service. The profit of the individual firm depends on marginal cost of production. If the cost of production is high, that firm would make less profit compared to other firm. This strategy would be successful if all operators behave rationally. If any firm thinks that, it will charge lower price than cartel charge, at short run, it can make huge profit as consumers will move to the firm, which charging lower price. Nevertheless, in long run, this policy cannot sustain. In game theory, irrational actions are chosen by firm; if it thinks that its action would not followed by other firms. This perception is wrong in competitive market. When other firms realize that one firm is behaving otherwise, they start to play independently and try to take random strategy (Katsoulacos and Ulph 2013). If other existing mobile operators tend to reduce price of data plan, this would break down the cartel. In the price conflict, when the price is down below firms individual marginal cost, nothing but loss occurs. Therefore, trust is primary criteria for success of cartel. If strategies of two firms are considered the pay off matrix can be as follows:1st mover Figure 6: Pay off matrix (Source: created by author) In the above pay off matrix, different strategies of profit maximizations are shown. If it is assumed that the mobile operators have chosen three strategies such as minimization of cost, capacity maximization and collusion. The analysis is made for two rival mobile operators in the market. One company is first mover, which chooses decision first. At the time of taking strategies, the first mover takes decision of other firm into consideration. It is also assumed that both the mobile operator behave rationally. If the first mover thinks that 2nd firm may chose to minimize cost in order to the competitive advantage, the best available strategy for 1st firm is capacity maximization. It may happen that the first firm incurs higher cost compared to 2nd mover to provide lucrative data plan services or unlimited phone cal services. In this case, to get competitive advantage over the competitors, it would be strategic to improve capacity. Improvement in data plan, network services, reduction in call drop etc can give first firm a competitive advantage. This strategy would give first firm highest payoff. If both the firm chooses cost reduction strategy, this would give same utility to both the firms. Collusion cannot be formed without consent of other mobile operator; hence, this strategy would give nothing to the first firm. If the second firm chooses to maximize capacity, the first firm would definitely choose maximize capacity, as this would give both the mobile operator equal pay off. It is the optimal strategy for first firm. If the strategy of second firm is to make collusion with first firm, the first firm has two options. One is to agree with the first firm and make the cartel, which gives both the mobile operator highest payoff. Another is making decision independently and choosing capacity maximization strategies. In the latter case, the first firm gets maximum profit and second firm gets nothing. This decision depends on the objective of the firm. If the first mobile operator does not rely on cartel o does not have trust on second mobile operator, it may choose to maximize capacity. Capacity maximization would be optimal solution as it is profitable in long run. If firm can invest in improving mobile services and capacity improvement, it may get cost advantage in future for the expansion of business. Capacity maximization strategy gives the first mover dominant strategy. It is the optimal strategy for the first mover mobile operator. Even if both the firm takes simultaneous decision to maximize payoff, the Nash equilibrium would be the payoff 5 for both the firm. This will benefit both the firm. Therefore, it can be inferred that for all the mobile operators, capacity maximization along with bundling technique would be optimal solution. Conclusion The project analyses the optimal strategy of the mobile operators, who suffer from falling mobile plan price. With increasing demand for data plan and other services such as unlimited free call or SMS service. By providing such benefits to the consumers cannot make sufficient profit in long run. Low price discourages the mobile operator to provide service in long run. Therefore, it would be optimal to take decision for capacity improvement, which can help the mobile operator to provide better service in the market in long term. References Chung, H.L., Lin, Y.S. and Hu, J.L., 2013. Bundling strategy and product differentiation.Journal of Economics,108(3), pp.207-229. Derdenger, T. and Kumar, V., 2013. The dynamic effects of bundling as a product strategy.Marketing Science,32(6), pp.827-859. Kang, X., Zhang, R. and Motani, M., 2012. 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